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On 1 October 1965 Suharto took command of the Army and later even announced over the radio that he was now in command of the Army and that he would destroy the counter-revolutionary forces and save Sukarno.<ref>Sundhaussen (1982) p. 207</ref><ref>Roosa (2006) p. 59</ref><ref>Ricklefs (1982) p. 270.</ref> Major General Suharto was in control of the reserve, and upon hearing the news of the takeover, he quickly capitalised on the movement's weaknesses, regaining control of the square without resistance.<ref>John Roosa (2006). Pretext for Mass Murder: The September 30th Movement and Suharto's Coup D'État in Indonesia. The University of Wisconsin Press</ref> Following the surrender, the movement's troops did not take further action. At the same time, the Indonesian military slowly gained influence as Sukarno's waned, and within days, the government was under the control of Suharto. He immediately deployed troops and dispersed the movement while trumpeting the movement's actions as a \"danger\" to the nation. A military propaganda campaign to link the coup attempt with the PKI, masterminded by Suharto and the military, began to sweep the country on 5 October (the Armed Forces Day and the day of the six generals' state funeral). Even though the 30 September Movement killed 12 people, Suharto ultimately presented it as a nationwide conspiracy to commit mass murder. Ten day's after the failed coup d'état attempt Suharto, accepted President Sukarno's order to take control of the army on condition that he be handed full authority to restore order and security, an arrangement that was formalised by creating Kopkamtib which happened on the 10 October 1965.<ref>Ricklefs, M. C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300, Second Edition. MacMillan. p. 287. ISBN 0-333-57690-X.</ref><ref>Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia. Scarecrow Press Inc. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-8108-4935-8.</ref> During the Indonesian mass killings Suharto commanded a firm hold on the armed forces.<ref>John Roosa (2006). Pretext for Mass Murder: The September 30th Movement and Suharto's Coup D'État in Indonesia. The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 81.</ref> Early fighting in the Central Java highlands and around Madiun suggested the PKI might be able to establish a rival regime centred on these regions. However, widespread fears of a civil war between factions supported by the United States and China, respectively, quickly evaporated as the forces sent by Suharto took control.<ref>Vittachi (1967), p. 138</ref> On 11 March 1966, Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto in a letter of authority known as ''Supersemar''. On 20 February 1967, Sukarno surrendered his powers, but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the provisional parliament (MPRS) until 12 March 1967.}}<br />Acting until 27 March 1968"},"vice_president":{"wt":"{{collapsible list|title={{nobold|''See list''}}\n| ''Vacant'' (1967{{nbnd}}1973)\n| Hamengkubuwono IX (1973{{nbnd}}1978)\n| Adam Malik (1978{{nbnd}}1983)\n| Umar Wirahadikusumah (1983{{nbnd}}1988)\n| Sudharmono (1988{{nbnd}}1993)\n| Try Sutrisno (1993{{nbnd}}1998)\n| B. J. Habibie (1998)}}"},"predecessor":{"wt":"Sukarno"},"successor":{"wt":"B. J. Habibie"},"office2":{"wt":"Chairman of the Cabinet Presidium"},"term_start2":{"wt":"25 July 1966"},"term_end2":{"wt":"17 October 1967"},"president2":{"wt":"{{ubl|Sukarno|''Himself'' (acting)}}"},"predecessor2":{"wt":"Sukarno (as Prime Minister)"},"successor2":{"wt":"''Office abolished''"},"order3":{"wt":"13th"},"office3":{"wt":"List of ministers of defense (Indonesia){{!}}Minister of Defense and Security"},"term_start3":{"wt":"28 March 1966"},"term_end3":{"wt":"9 September 1971"},"president3":{"wt":"{{ubl|Sukarno|''Himself''}}"},"predecessor3":{"wt":"{{ill|Sarbini Martodihardjo|id|M. 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Nomor Registrasi Pokok (NRP) keduanya berurutan. \"NRP saya 10685, sedangkan NRP Pak Harto 10684, jadi saya selalu menempel di belakangnya. |language=id}}</ref>"},"module":{"wt":"{{listen|embed=yes|filename=President Suharto announces his resignation.ogg|title=Suharto's voice|type=speech|description=Suharto announcing his resignation following the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the May 1998 riots<br />Recorded 21 May 1998}}"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwCA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404" about="#mwt80" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Hlist/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt84" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt85" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt86" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt87" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt88" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt89" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt90" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt92" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt93" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt94" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt95" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt96" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt97" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt98" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt99" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_sidebar_person_with_unknown_parameters#seal_widthSuharto"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_sidebar_person_with_unknown_parameters#sealSuharto"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_sidebar_person_with_unknown_parameters#sig_widthSuharto"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_sidebar_person_with_unknown_parameters#signatureSuharto"/>

Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian general and politician who served as the second and longest-serving president of Indonesia from 1967 to 1998.

Suharto was born in Kemusuk, near the city of Yogyakarta, during the Dutch colonial era. He grew up in humble circumstances. His Javanese Muslim parents divorced not long after his birth, and he lived with foster parents for much of his childhood. During the Japanese occupation, Suharto served in the Japanese-organized Indonesian security forces. During Indonesia's independence struggle, he joined the newly formed Indonesian Army and rose to the rank of major general some time after full Indonesian independence was achieved. An attempted coup on 30 September and 1 October 1965 was countered by Suharto-led troops. The army subsequently led a nationwide violent anti-communist purge. In March 1967, the MPRS appointed Suharto as acting president, and he was appointed president the following year. When Suharto came to power, inflation was running at over 650%. He appointed an economic advisory group that implemented free market policies, and by 1969 the country entered a period of price stability. Suharto ordered an invasion of East Timor in 1975, followed by a 23-year occupation of the country and genocide.

Under his "New Order" regime, Suharto established a strong, centralised government dominated by the military, evolving from an initial oligarchic military dictatorship into a deeply authoritarian state centred on a cult of personality that elevated him as the nation's undisputed leader. His staunch anti-communist stance and ability to maintain political stability across Indonesia's vast and diverse archipelago secured significant economic and diplomatic backing from Western powers, particularly the United States, during the Cold War. During much of his presidency, Indonesia underwent rapid industrialisation, sustained economic growth (with GDP growing at around 7% per annum) improved education, and a rise in domestic entrepreneurship, developments that led the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) to name him "Father of Development" (Indonesian: Bapak Pembangunan<link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_containing_Indonesian-language_text" about="#mwt126" id="mwZg"/>) in 1982. In 1986, he was awarded the Ceres Medal by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for achieving self-sufficiency in rice production. However, by the 1990s, his regime's increasing authoritarianism and widespread corruption fueled public dissatisfaction, which reached a breaking point during the 1997 Asian financial crisis that plunged the country into economic turmoil and widespread unrest. Under immense pressure, Suharto resigned in May 1998 after more than three decades in power. Suharto died in January 2008 and received a state military funeral with full honors. The Indonesian government declared a week of national mourning.

Suharto was widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers. His 32-year presidency and legacy are highly divisive, and he remains a controversial figure among the Indonesian general public. He has been praised for making Indonesia into an economic success story, bringing stability to the region particularly during the Cold War period, and leading Indonesia when it played a significant role in international affairs. Others denounce his authoritarian rule,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106" about="#mwt164" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"r","href":"./Template:R"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"NYTobituary"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwpw"/> widespread corruption, and extensive human rights violations. His 31-year dictatorship is considered one of the most brutal and corrupt of the 20th century: he was central to the perpetration of mass killings against alleged communists and subsequent persecution of ethnic Chinese, Islamists, irreligious people, and trade unionists.

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