Difference between revisions of "WikipediaExtracts:Force de dissuasion"
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Latest revision as of 20:52, 22 February 2022
Extracted from Wikipedia --
The Force de dissuasion (French pronunciation: [fɔʁs də disɥazjɔ̃]; English: 'Deterrence Force'), known as the Force de frappe ([fɔʁs də fʁɑp]; 'Strike Force') prior to 1961, is the French nuclear deterrence force. The Force de dissuasion used to be a triad of air-, sea- and land-based nuclear weapons intended for deterrence; following the end of the Cold War, France decommissioned all its land-based nuclear missiles, thus the Force de dissuasion today only incorporates an air- and sea-based arsenal. The French Nuclear Force, part of the French military, is the fourth largest nuclear-weapons force in the world, after the nuclear triads of the United States, the Russian Federation, and the People's Republic of China.
France's programme was shaped not only by the Cold War, but by the trauma that resulted from the Battle of France. General Pierre Marie Gallois, one of the architects of the deterrence force, is said to have been marked "by the tragic effects of an excess of German power" in his strategic thinking. France developed a military nuclear programme with the aim of retaining a strategic advantage over Germany. In 1961 Charles de Gaulle reminded John F. Kennedy that "Germany is legally prevented from having any [nuclear weapons]," adding that "the disadvantages deriving from German possession of atomic weapons would be far greater than the advantages."
On 27 January 1996, France conducted its last nuclear test in the South Pacific and then signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) in September 1996. In March 2008, French President Nicolas Sarkozy confirmed reports giving the actual size of France's nuclear arsenal and announced that France would reduce its French Air Force-carried nuclear arsenal by 30%, leaving the Force de dissuasion with 290 warheads.
In addition to its nuclear military programme, France has a large civil nuclear programme and ranks as one of the world's largest generators of nuclear power.
