WikipediaExtracts:China

Extracted from Wikipedia --

{{tlit|zh|Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó}}"},"image_flag":{"wt":"Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg"},"image_coat":{"wt":"中華人民共和國國徽.svg"},"symbol_type":{"wt":"Emblem"},"national_anthem":{"wt":"<br />{{nowrap|{{lang|zh-Hans-CN|义勇军进行曲}}}}<br />{{transliteration|zh|Yìyǒngjūn jìnxíngqǔ}}<br />\"March of the Volunteers\"{{pb}}

"},"image_map":{"wt":"CHN orthographic.svg"},"map_width":{"wt":"250px"},"alt_map":{"wt":"An orthographic map with the People's Republic of China highlighted in green, with the disputed areas of Taiwan, as well as the disputed areas along Indian border, highlighted in light green."},"map_caption":{"wt":"{{Legend|#336830|People's Republic of China}}{{Legend|#61E760|Territory claimed but not controlled}}"},"capital":{"wt":"Beijing"},"coordinates":{"wt":"{{Coord|39|54|24|N|116|23|51|E|type:city_region:CN-BJ}}"},"largest_settlement":{"wt":"Shanghai"},"largest_settlement_type":{"wt":"city {{normal|by urban population}}"},"languages_type":{"wt":"Official language"},"languages":{"wt":"Standard Chinese<ref name=\"MOE\">{{cite web |website=Ministry of Education |title=Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language of the People's Republic of China |date=21 July 2009 |url=http://en.moe.gov.cn/Resources/Laws_and_Policies/201506/t20150626_191388.html |access-date=15 June 2026 |archive-date=7 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260807194237/http://en.moe.gov.cn/Resources/Laws_and_Policies/201506/t20150626_191388.html |url-status=live }}</ref>"},"languages2_type":{"wt":"Official script"},"languages2_sub":{"wt":"yes"},"languages2":{"wt":"Simplified Chinese (Mainland)<br />Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong, Macau)"},"ethnic_groups":{"wt":"{{ubl|item_style=white-space:nowrap|91.11% Han Chinese|1.39% Zhuang|0.84% Uyghur|0.81% Hui|0.79% Miao|0.74% Manchu|0.70% Yi|0.68% Tujia|0.50% Tibetan|2.44% others}}"},"ethnic_groups_year":{"wt":"2020"},"ethnic_groups_ref":{"wt":"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817185.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511031334/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817185.html |archive-date=11 May 2021 |access-date=25 July 2021 |website=National Bureau of Statistics of China}}</ref>"},"demonym":{"wt":"{{hlist|Chinese|others}}"},"government_type":{"wt":"Unitary communist state"},"leader_title1":{"wt":"CCP General Secretary and President{{efn|Xi is the paramount leader of China, and holds the titles of General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (since 2012), President of China (since 2013), and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (since 2012).{{sfn|Joseph|2024|p=597}}{{sfn|Chan|2024|p=141}}}}"},"leader_name1":{"wt":"Xi Jinping"},"leader_title2":{"wt":"Premier"},"leader_name2":{"wt":"Li Qiang"},"leader_title3":{"wt":"Congress chairman"},"leader_name3":{"wt":"Zhao Leji"},"leader_title4":{"wt":"Conference chairman"},"leader_name4":{"wt":"Wang Huning"},"legislature":{"wt":"National People's Congress"},"sovereignty_type":{"wt":"Formation"},"established_event1":{"wt":"First imperial dynasty"},"established_date1":{"wt":"221 BCE"},"established_event2":{"wt":"Establishment of the Republic of China"},"established_date2":{"wt":"1 January 1912{{sfn|Spence|2013|p=253}}"},"established_event4":{"wt":"Proclamation of the People's Republic"},"established_date4":{"wt":"1 October 1949{{sfn|Spence|2013|pp=458–459}}"},"area_km2":{"wt":"9,596,961"},"p1":{"wt":""},"area_footnote":{"wt":"{{efn|UN figure for mainland China, which excludes Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.<ref name=\"UN Stat\">{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2007/Table03.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224063215/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2007/Table03.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2010 |access-date=31 July 2010 |website=United Nations Statistics Division}}</ref> It also excludes the Trans-Karakoram Tract ({{cvt|5180|km2|disp=or}}), Aksai Chin ({{cvt|38000|km2|disp=or}}) and other territories in dispute with India. The total area of China is listed as {{cvt|9572900|km2}} by the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.<ref name=\"britannica\">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=China |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/China |access-date=4 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727034401/https://www.britannica.com/place/China |archive-date=27 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Total surface area as of 19 January 2007 |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/totalarea.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203020257/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/totalarea.htm |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=United Nations Statistics Division}}</ref>"},"area_rank":{"wt":"3rd"},"area_sq_mi":{"wt":"3,705,407 "},"percent_water":{"wt":"2.8<ref name=\"CIA\"/>"},"population_estimate":{"wt":"{{decreaseNeutral}} 1,404,890,000{{efn|Excluding residents of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and foreigners living in the 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities}}<ref>{{cite web |title=National Economy 10: Total Population Went Down and Urbanization Rate Continued to Grow |url=https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202601/t20260119_1962328.html |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC) |website=National Bureau of Statistics of China |date=19 January 2026 |access-date=19 January 2026 |archive-date=2 May 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260502233313/https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202601/t20260119_1962328.html |url-status=live }}</ref>"},"population_estimate_year":{"wt":"2025"},"population_estimate_rank":{"wt":"2nd"},"population_census_year":{"wt":"2020"},"population_census_rank":{"wt":"2nd"},"population_density_km2":{"wt":"{{#expr: 1404890000/9596961 round 0}}"},"population_density_sq_mi":{"wt":"{{#expr: 1408280000/3705407 round 0}} "},"population_density_rank":{"wt":"83rd"},"GDP_PPP":{"wt":"{{increase}} $44.555 trillion{{efn|GDP figures exclude Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau.}}<ref name=\"IMFWEO.CN\">{{cite web |url=https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0) |title=World Economic Outlook Database (October 2026 Edition) |website=International Monetary Fund |date=13 October 2026 |access-date=13 October 2026}}</ref>"},"GDP_PPP_year":{"wt":"2026"},"GDP_PPP_rank":{"wt":"1st"},"GDP_PPP_per_capita":{"wt":"{{increase}} $31,786<ref name=\"IMFWEO.CN\"/>"},"GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank":{"wt":"73rd"},"GDP_nominal":{"wt":"{{increase}} $21.546 trillion<ref name=\"IMFWEO.CN\"/>"},"GDP_nominal_year":{"wt":"2026"},"GDP_nominal_rank":{"wt":"2nd"},"GDP_nominal_per_capita":{"wt":"{{increase}} $15,371<ref name=\"IMFWEO.CN\"/>"},"GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank":{"wt":"74th"},"Gini":{"wt":"36.0 "},"Gini_year":{"wt":"2022"},"Gini_change":{"wt":"decrease"},"Gini_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=\"GINI\">{{Cite web |title=Gini index – China |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=CN&most_recent_year_desc=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319005643/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=CN&most_recent_year_desc=true |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=24 May 2022 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref>"},"HDI":{"wt":"0.797 "},"HDI_year":{"wt":"2023 "},"HDI_change":{"wt":"increase"},"HDI_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=\"UNHDR\">{{Cite report |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |page=280 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |language=en}}</ref>"},"HDI_rank":{"wt":"78th"},"currency":{"wt":"Renminbi (yuan, 元/¥){{efn|The Hong Kong dollar is used in Hong Kong and Macau, while the Macanese pataca is used in Macau only.}}"},"currency_code":{"wt":"CNY"},"time_zone":{"wt":"CST"},"utc_offset":{"wt":"+8"},"calling_code":{"wt":"{{ubl|+86 (Mainland)|+852 (Hong Kong)|+853 (Macau)}}"},"cctld":{"wt":"{{hlist|.cn|.中国|.中國 (Mainland)}}{{hlist|.hk|.香港 (Hong Kong)}}{{hlist|.mo|.澳门|.澳門 (Macau)}}"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwEQ"><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters#TChina"/>

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is divided into 33 province-level divisions, including two special administrative regions. Beijing is the capital, while Shanghai is the most populous city by urban area. Its geography features the Central Plain, major rivers such as the Yangtze and Yellow River, deserts, subtropical and temperate forests, plateaus, and mountain ranges such as the Himalayas. It is the world's second-most populous country after India, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion (17% of the world's population). Covering 9.6 million square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third largest country by area.

Humans first arrived in China during the Paleolithic. During the 2nd millennium BCE, dynastic states emerged. In 221 BCE, China was unified under the Qin, followed by the Han dynasty, ushering in two millennia of imperial rule across periods of unity and division. The imperial era saw the expansion of the Silk Road and the invention of gunpowder, paper, printing, and the compass. After increased Western political, economic, and philosophical influence, the empire was succeeded by the Republic of China (ROC) after the 1911 Revolution. The Warlord Era and Chinese Civil War followed, interrupted by the Second Sino-Japanese War, which ended in a Chinese victory. In 1949, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proclaimed the PRC and the ROC retreated to Taiwan. Both sides still claim political legitimacy. Attempts by the CCP to advance its political program faltered through famine and political turmoil. The reform and opening-up that began in 1978 moved China towards a socialist market economy, spurring economic growth.

China is a unitary state with the CCP as its sole ruling party. It is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a member of many multilateral organizations. China is the world's largest manufacturer and has the second-largest economy by nominal GDP. International organizations have criticized China, alleging authoritarianism and human rights abuses. Possessing a large military, space program, and nuclear stockpile, China has been described as a superpower due to its influence in geopolitics, science and technology, manufacturing, economics, and culture.

Chinese art and culture have influenced much of Asia, with a literary tradition dating back millennia to the Chinese classics. China is the birthplace of Confucianism and Daoism, which form the traditional three teachings of Chinese philosophy and folk religion alongside Buddhism. Chinese cuisine is diverse and highly regional, with rice as a staple in the south and wheat in the north. It has 60 World Heritage Sites, including the Great Wall and Grand Canal. The Han, speakers of Sinitic languages, are China's dominant ethnicity, although it is home to 55 recognized minorities, including the Hui, Mongols, Tibetans, Uyghurs, and Zhuang.

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WikipediaExtracts:China

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