WikipediaExtracts:Nikita Khrushchev

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Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]"},"term_start":{"wt":"7 September 1953"},"term_end":{"wt":"14 October 1964"},"predecessor":{"wt":"Joseph Stalin {{nwr|(as General Secretary)}}"},"successor":{"wt":"Leonid Brezhnev"},"office1":{"wt":"Premier of the Soviet Union"},"president1":{"wt":"Kliment Voroshilov<br/>Leonid Brezhnev<br/>Anastas Mikoyan"},"2blankname1":{"wt":"First Deputies"},"2namedata1":{"wt":"{{Collapsible list\n|title=See list\n| Frol Kozlov\n| Alexei Kosygin\n| Dmitriy Ustinov\n| Lazar Kaganovich\n| Anastas Mikoyan}}"},"term_start1":{"wt":"27 March 1958"},"term_end1":{"wt":"14 October 1964"},"predecessor1":{"wt":"Nikolai Bulganin"},"successor1":{"wt":"Alexei Kosygin"},"office2":{"wt":"First Secretary of the<br />Communist Party of Ukraine"},"term_start2":{"wt":"26 December 1947"},"term_end2":{"wt":"16 December 1949"},"predecessor2":{"wt":"Lazar Kaganovich"},"successor2":{"wt":"Leonid Melnikov"},"term_start3":{"wt":"27 January 1938"},"term_end3":{"wt":"3 March 1947"},"predecessor3":{"wt":"Stanislav Kosior"},"successor3":{"wt":"Lazar Kaganovich"},"birth_date":{"wt":"{{Gregorian to Julian|15 April 1894}}"},"birth_place":{"wt":"Kalinovka, Dmitriyevsky Uyezd, Russia"},"death_date":{"wt":"{{nowrap|{{Death date and age|df=yes|1971|9|11|1894|4|15}}}}"},"death_place":{"wt":"Moscow, Soviet Union"},"resting_place":{"wt":"Novodevichy Cemetery"},"education":{"wt":"Industrial Academy"},"spouse":{"wt":"{{plainlist|\n* {{marriage|Yefrosinia Pisareva|1914|1919|end=died}}\n* {{marriage|Nina Kukharchuk|1965}}\n}}"},"awards":{"wt":"Full list"},"children":{"wt":"5, including Leonid and Sergei"},"party":{"wt":"CPSU{{Refn|group=lower-alpha|Founded as the RSDLP(b) in 1912; renamed the RCP(b) in 1918, AUCP(b) in 1925, and CPSU in 1952.}} (1918–1964)"},"signature":{"wt":"Nikita Khrushchev Signature2.svg"},"signature_alt":{"wt":"A scrawled \"Н Хрущёв\""},"allegiance":{"wt":"Russian SFSR<br/>Soviet Union"},"branch":{"wt":"Red Army"},"service_years":{"wt":"1918–1921<br />1941–1945"},"rank":{"wt":"Lieutenant general"},"commands":{"wt":"Soviet Armed Forces"},"battles":{"wt":"{{tree list}}\n* Russian Civil War\n* World War II\n{{tree list/end}}"},"footnotes":{"wt":"{{Collapsible list\n|titlestyle= background-color:#FCF;text-align:center;\n|title=Central institution membership\n|bullets=on\n| 1939–1964: Full member, 18th, 19th, 20th, 22nd Presidium\n| 1949–1964: 18th, 19th, 20th, 22nd Secretariat\n| 1949–1952: 18th Orgburo\n| 1938–1939: Candidate member, 17th Politburo\n| 1934–1964: Full member, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 22nd Central Committee}}\n----\n{{Collapsible list\n|titlestyle= background-color:#FCF;text-align:center;\n|title=Other offices held\n|bullets=on\n| 1956–1964: Chairman, Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian SFSR\n| 1949–1953: First Secretary, Moscow Regional Committee\n| 1944–1947: Chairman, Ukrainian Council of Ministers\n| 1938–1947: First Secretary, Kiev Regional Committee\n| 1938–1947: First Secretary, Kiev City Committee\n| 1935–1938: First Secretary, Moscow Regional Committee\n| 1934–1938: First Secretary, Moscow City Committee}}\n{{center|'''Leader of the Soviet Union'''}}\n{{flatlist|\n* {{big|'''←'''}} Malenkov{{efn|While he was unable to consolidate control over the party apparatus, Malenkov was still recognized as \"first among equals\" for over a year after Stalin's death. As late as March 1954, he was listed as first in the Soviet leadership and continued to chair meetings of the Politburo.{{sfn|Brown|2009|pp=232–233}}}}\n* Brezhnev {{big|'''→'''}}\n}}"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwDQ"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404" about="#mwt35" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Hlist/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" about="#mwt40" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"}}'/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_sidebar_person_with_unknown_parameters#sealNikita%20Khrushchev"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_sidebar_person_with_unknown_parameters#sig_widthNikita%20Khrushchev"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_sidebar_person_with_unknown_parameters#signatureNikita%20Khrushchev"/>

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1894 – 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. As leader of the Soviet Union, he shocked the world by denouncing his predecessor Joseph Stalin, embarking on a campaign of de-Stalinization, and presiding over the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

Born in a village near Kursk, Khrushchev was employed as a metal worker during his youth and was a political commissar in the Russian Civil War. Under the sponsorship of Lazar Kaganovich, he rose through the ranks of the Soviet hierarchy. During Stalin's rule, he actively supported the Great Purge and approved thousands of arrests, and in 1938 was sent to govern the Ukrainian SSR, where he continued the purges. During World War II, Khrushchev was again a commissar, serving as an intermediary between Stalin and his generals. He was also present at the Battle of Stalingrad, a fact in which he took great pride. After the war, Khrushchev returned to Ukraine before eventually being recalled to Moscow as one of Stalin's close advisers.

On 5 March 1953, the death of Stalin triggered a power struggle in which Khrushchev ultimately emerged victorious upon consolidating his authority as First Secretary of the party's Central Committee and eliminating his rival Lavrentiy Beria. On 25 February 1956, at the 20th Party Congress, he delivered the "Secret Speech", which denounced Stalin's purges and ushered in a less repressive era in the Soviet Union. His domestic policies, aimed at bettering the lives of ordinary citizens, were often ineffective, especially in agriculture. Hoping eventually to rely on missiles for national defense, Khrushchev ordered major cuts in conventional forces. Despite such cuts, Khrushchev's time in office saw the tensest years of the Cold War, culminating in the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.

As leader of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev enjoyed considerable popularity during the late 1950s due to the successful launching of Sputnik in 1957 as well as favorable outcomes in the 1956 Suez Crisis, 1957 Syrian Crisis, and the 1960 U-2 incident. However, by the early 1960s, Khrushchev's hold on power had been significantly weakened by his domestic policy failures and handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis. As a result, his rivals consolidated enough support among the nomenklatura to oust him from the Soviet leadership on 14 October 1964. Following his forced retirement, Khrushchev spent much of his time composing a series of lengthy memoirs which were smuggled to the West and published in part in 1970. He died the next year in his dacha.

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WikipediaExtracts:Nikita Khrushchev

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