WikipediaExtracts:Serbia and Montenegro

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{{No bold|(1992–2003)}}}}{{Clear}}{{Smaller|{{No bold|{{Lang|sh-Cyrl|Савезна Република Југославија}}{{Clear}}{{Lang|sh-Latn|Savezna Republika Jugoslavija}}}}}}<hr/>{{Nowrap|State Union of Serbia and Montenegro {{No bold|(2003–2006)}}}} {{Smaller|{{No bold|{{Lang|sh-Cyrl|Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора}}{{Clear}}{{Lang|sh-Latn|Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora}}}}}}"},"common_name":{"wt":"Serbia and Montenegro"},"image_flag":{"wt":"Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg"},"flag_caption":{"wt":"Flag"},"image_coat":{"wt":""},"symbol_type":{"wt":"Coat of arms"},"image_map":{"wt":"Serbia and Montenegro (1992-2006).png"},"map_caption":{"wt":"Serbia and Montenegro in 1998"},"national_anthem":{"wt":"\"Хеј, Словени\" / \"{{Lang|sh|Hej, Sloveni|italic=no}}\" {{small|\"Hey, Slavs\"}}{{parabr}}{{center|}}

"},"official_languages":{"wt":"Serbian{{ref label|b|b}} (1992–2003) None at the union level{{ref label|b|b}} (2003–2006)"},"capital":{"wt":"Belgrade{{ref label|a|a}}"},"coordinates":{"wt":"{{Coord|44|48|N|20|28|E|type:city}}"},"largest_city":{"wt":"capital"},"demonym":{"wt":"Yugoslav (until 2003) \nSerbian{{·}}Montenegrin (from 2003)"},"government_type":{"wt":"Federal parliamentary republic (1992–2000)\n----\nFederal semi-presidential republic (2000–2003)\n----\nConfederated constitutional republic (2003–2006)"},"title_leader":{"wt":"President"},"leader1":{"wt":"Dobrica Ćosić"},"year_leader1":{"wt":"1992–1993"},"leader2":{"wt":"Zoran Lilić"},"year_leader2":{"wt":"1993–1997"},"leader3":{"wt":"Slobodan Milošević"},"year_leader3":{"wt":"1997–2000"},"leader4":{"wt":"Vojislav Koštunica"},"year_leader4":{"wt":"2000–2003"},"leader5":{"wt":"Svetozar Marović"},"year_leader5":{"wt":"2003–2006"},"title_deputy":{"wt":"Prime Minister"},"deputy1":{"wt":"Milan Panić"},"year_deputy2":{"wt":"1993–1998"},"deputy2":{"wt":"Radoje Kontić"},"year_deputy3":{"wt":"1998–2000"},"year_deputy1":{"wt":"1992–1993"},"deputy5":{"wt":"Dragiša Pešić"},"year_deputy6":{"wt":"2003–2006"},"deputy6":{"wt":"Svetozar Marović"},"deputy3":{"wt":"Momir Bulatović"},"year_deputy4":{"wt":"2000–2001"},"deputy4":{"wt":"Zoran Žižić"},"year_deputy5":{"wt":"2001–2003"},"legislature":{"wt":"Federal Assembly"},"era":{"wt":"Yugoslav Wars (1992–1999)"},"year_start":{"wt":"1992"},"year_end":{"wt":"2006"},"event_start":{"wt":"Constitution adopted"},"date_start":{"wt":"27 April"},"event1":{"wt":"Sanctions"},"date_event1":{"wt":"1992–1995"},"event2":{"wt":"Kosovo War"},"date_event2":{"wt":"1998–1999"},"event3":{"wt":"Bulldozer revolution"},"date_event3":{"wt":"5 October 2000"},"event4":{"wt":"Admitted to the United Nations{{ref label|c|c}}"},"date_event4":{"wt":"1 November 2000"},"event5":{"wt":"State Union"},"date_event5":{"wt":"4 February 2003"},"event6":{"wt":"Independence of Montenegro"},"date_event6":{"wt":"3 June 2006"},"event_end":{"wt":"Independence of Serbia"},"date_end":{"wt":"5 June"},"population_estimate":{"wt":"10,832,545"},"population_estimate_rank":{"wt":""},"population_estimate_year":{"wt":"2006"},"currency":{"wt":"Serbia:\n* Yugoslav dinar (1992–2003)\n* Serbian dinar (2003–2006)\nMontenegro:{{ref label|d|d}}\n* Yugoslav dinar (1992–2000)\n* Deutsche Mark (1999–2002)\n* Euro (2003–2006)"},"iso3166code":{"wt":"CS"},"cctld":{"wt":".yu"},"time_zone":{"wt":"CET"},"utc_offset":{"wt":"+1"},"utc_offset_DST":{"wt":"+2"},"time_zone_DST":{"wt":"CEST"},"calling_code":{"wt":"+381"},"today":{"wt":"Serbia Montenegro"},"footnote_a":{"wt":"{{Note|a}} After 2003, no city was the official capital, but legislative and executive institutions as well as foreign embassies remained located in Belgrade. Podgorica served as the seat of the Supreme Court."},"footnote_b":{"wt":"{{Note|b}} The 2003 Constitutional Charter did not mention the official language. In Serbia, the Serbo-Croatian language is in official use,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parlament.sr.gov.yu/content/lat/akta/ustav/ustav_ceo.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908044936/http://www.parlament.sr.gov.yu/content/lat/akta/ustav/ustav_ceo.asp |archive-date=8 September 2006 |access-date=22 January 2023 |title=Ustav Republike Srbije |trans-title=Constitution of the Republic of Serbia |year=1990 |quote=Član 8. U Republici Srbiji u službenoj je upotrebi srpskohrvatski jezik i ćiriličko pismo, a latiničko pismo je u službenoj upotrebi na način utvrđen zakonom. [...] |trans-quote=In the Republic of Serbia, the Serbo-Croatian language and the Cyrillic alphabet are in official use, while the Latin alphabet is in official use in the manner established by law.}}</ref> while in Montenegro it is Serbian of Ijekavian pronunciation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL(2005)096-e%7Ctitle=Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro|quote=Article 9}}</ref> Before that, the 1992 Constitution made Serbian official in the federation.<ref>{{cite wikisource |quote=In the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Serbian language ... shall be official. |wslink=Constitution of Yugoslavia (1992) |section=Article 15 |title=Constitution of Yugoslavia (1992) }}</ref>"},"footnote_c":{"wt":"{{Note|c}} Membership as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia."},"footnote_d":{"wt":"{{Note|d}} The dinar and German mark had joint legal tender status in Montenegro in 1999 and 2000. N.B. United Nations Administered Kosovo have ''ad hoc'' used the mark since 1999 and the euro since 2002.\n"},"area_km2":{"wt":"102173"},"area_rank":{"wt":""},"GDP_PPP":{"wt":"{{increase}} $21.6 billion<ref name=\"HDI\" />"},"GDP_PPP_per_capita":{"wt":"{{increase}} $2,650<ref name=\"HDI\" />"},"GDP_PPP_year":{"wt":"1995"},"HDI":{"wt":"0.725"},"HDI_year":{"wt":"1996"},"HDI_change":{"wt":"steady"},"HDI_rank":{"wt":"87th"},"HDI_ref":{"wt":"<ref name=\"HDI\">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/yugoslavia_nhdr1996.pdf |title=Human Development Report Yugoslavia 1996 |publisher=UNDP |access-date=22 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801203605/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/yugoslavia_nhdr1996.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>"},"map_width":{"wt":"315px"},"flag_width":{"wt":"150px"},"symbol_width":{"wt":""},"status":{"wt":"Sovereign state (Rump state of the SFR Yugoslavia; claimed sole succession until 2001)"},"p1":{"wt":"Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia{{!}}SFR Yugoslavia"},"flag_p1":{"wt":"Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg"},"p2":{"wt":"Socialist Republic of Serbia{{!}}''SR Serbia''"},"flag_p2":{"wt":"Flag of Serbia (1947–1992); Flag of Montenegro (1946–1993).svg"},"p3":{"wt":"Socialist Republic of Montenegro{{!}}''SR Montenegro''"},"flag_p3":{"wt":"Flag of Serbia (1947–1992); Flag of Montenegro (1946–1993).svg"},"s1":{"wt":"United Nations–administered Kosovo{{!}}'''1999:''' Kosovo Administered by the United Nations "},"flag_s1":{"wt":"Flag of the United Nations.svg"},"s2":{"wt":"Montenegro{{!}}'''2006:''' Montenegro "},"flag_s2":{"wt":"Flag of Montenegro.svg"},"s3":{"wt":"Serbia{{!}}'''2006:''' Serbia "},"flag_s3":{"wt":"Flag of Serbia (2004–2010).svg"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwDA"><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_flag_caption_or_type_parameters#CSerbia%20and%20Montenegro"/><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters#TSerbia%20and%20Montenegro"/>

The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (often shortened to Serbia and Montenegro), known from 1992 to 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) and commonly referred to as Yugoslavia, was a country in Southeastern Europe. It was established on 27 April 1992 as a federation comprising the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia). In February 2003, the federation was reconstituted as a state union. Following the secession of Montenegro in June 2006, Serbia proclaimed independence.

Its aspirations to be the sole legal successor state to the SFR Yugoslavia were not recognized by the United Nations, following the passing of United Nations Security Council Resolution 777, which affirmed that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had ceased to exist, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a new state. This made the Federal Republic ineligible to inherit the Socialist Federal Republic's international legal personality, since it had dissolved, with all former republics entitled to state succession. The government of Slobodan Milošević opposed any such claims, and as such, the FR Yugoslavia was not allowed to join the United Nations.

Throughout its existence, the FR Yugoslavia had a tense relationship with the international community, as economic sanctions were issued against the state during the course of the Yugoslav Wars and Kosovo War. This also resulted in hyperinflation between 1992 and 1994. The Yugoslav Wars ended with the Dayton Agreement, which recognized the independence of the Republic of Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as establishing diplomatic relationships between the states, and a guaranteed role of the Serbian population within Bosnian politics.

Later on, growing separatism within the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, a region of Serbia heavily populated by ethnic Albanians, resulted in an insurrection by the Kosovo Liberation Army, an Albanian separatist group. The outbreak of the Kosovo War reintroduced international sanctions, as well as eventual NATO involvement in the conflict. The conflict ended with the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, which guaranteed economic and political separation of Kosovo from the FR Yugoslavia, to be placed under a UN administration.

Economic hardship and war resulted in growing discontent with the government of Milošević and his allies, who ran both Serbia and Montenegro as an effective dictatorship. This eventually culminated in the Bulldozer Revolution, in which his government was overthrown and replaced by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia administration of Vojislav Koštunica. The FR Yugoslavia then relinquished the claim that it was the sole successor state to the SFR Yugoslavia, joining the UN as a new member while the SFR Yugoslavia's membership in the organization was finally extinguished after a decade of practical non-existence. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ended in 2003 after the Federal Assembly of Yugoslavia voted to enact the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro, which established the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. As such, the name Yugoslavia was consigned to history. A growing independence movement in Montenegro, led by Milo Đukanović, caused the new constitution of Serbia and Montenegro to include a clause allowing for a referendum on the question of Montenegrin independence after three years. In 2006, the referendum was called, passing by a narrow margin. This led to the dissolution of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro and the establishment of the independent republics of Serbia and Montenegro, turning Serbia into a landlocked country. Some consider this the last act in the breakup of Yugoslavia.

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WikipediaExtracts:Serbia and Montenegro

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