WikipediaExtracts:Austria-Hungary

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"},"conventional_long_name":{"wt":"Austro-Hungarian Monarchy{{Efn|Internally: The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (the official names of \"Cisleithania\" or \"Austria\" and \"Transleithania\" or \"Hungary\" respectively)}}"},"common_name":{"wt":"Austria-Hungary"},"era":{"wt":"{{Hlist|New Imperialism|World War I}}"},"event_start":{"wt":"1867 Compromise"},"year_start":{"wt":"1867"},"date_start":{"wt":"30 March"},"event1":{"wt":"Dual Alliance"},"date_event1":{"wt":"7 October 1879"},"event2":{"wt":"Bosnian Crisis"},"date_event2":{"wt":"6 October 1908"},"event3":{"wt":"July Crisis"},"date_event3":{"wt":"28 June 1914"},"event4":{"wt":"Invasion of Serbia"},"date_event4":{"wt":"28 July 1914"},"event5":{"wt":"Empire dissolved"},"date_event5":{"wt":"31 October 1918"},"event6":{"wt":"Austrian Republic"},"date_event6":{"wt":"12 November 1918"},"event7":{"wt":"Hungarian Republic"},"date_event7":{"wt":"16 November 1918"},"event8":{"wt":"{{Nowrap|Treaty of Saint-Germain}}"},"date_event8":{"wt":"{{Nowrap|10 September 1919}}"},"event9":{"wt":"Treaty of Trianon"},"date_event9":{"wt":"4 June 1920"},"life_span":{"wt":"1867–1918"},"p1":{"wt":"Austrian Empire"},"flag_p1":{"wt":"Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg"},"p2":{"wt":"Bosnia vilayet"},"flag_p2":{"wt":"Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg"},"s1":{"wt":"Republic of German-Austria{{!}}German-Austria"},"flag_s1":{"wt":"Flag of Austria (1230–1934, 1945–2000).svg"},"s2":{"wt":"First Hungarian Republic{{!}}Hungary"},"flag_s2":{"wt":"Flag of Hungary (1918–1919).svg"},"s3":{"wt":"Czechoslovakia"},"flag_s3":{"wt":"Flag of Bohemia.svg"},"s4":{"wt":"State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs{{!}} State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs"},"flag_s4":{"wt":"Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg"},"flag_s6":{"wt":"Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg"},"s6":{"wt":"Kingdom of Italy"},"s8":{"wt":"Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918){{!}}Kingdom of Poland"},"flag_s9":{"wt":"Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg"},"s9":{"wt":"West Ukrainian People's Republic"},"flag_s8":{"wt":"Flag of Poland.svg"},"s7":{"wt":"Polish Liquidation Committee"},"flag_s7":{"wt":"Flag of Poland.svg"},"s5":{"wt":"Kingdom of Yugoslavia"},"flag_s5":{"wt":"Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg"},"image_flag":{"wt":""},"coa_size":{"wt":"150px"},"flag_type":{"wt":"Top: Flag of Austrian Empire (1804-1918)<br />Bottom: Flag of Kingdom of Hungary (1915-1918)"},"image_coat":{"wt":"Austro-hungarian coat of arms 1914.svg"},"symbol_type":{"wt":"{{Nowrap|Coat of arms}} (1915–1918)"},"image_map":{"wt":"{{Switcher|

| Austria-Hungary in Europe (1914 on the eve of World War I) |

| Austria-Hungary and its occupied territories in the final stage of World War I, October 1918 |

{{Legend|Pink|The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council (\"Cisleithania\" or \"Austria\")}}{{Legend|#c8ffc8 |Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (\"Transleithania\" or \"Hungary\")}}{{Legend|#c8c8ff |Condominium of Bosnia-Herzegovina}} |Austria-Hungary internally |default=1}}"},"national_motto":{"wt":"{{Langnf|la|Indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter|Indivisibly and inseparably|break=yes}}"},"national_anthem":{"wt":"{{Lang|de|Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze}}<br/>(English: God preserve, God protect)<div style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;\"></div><br/>

"},"official_languages":{"wt":"{{Plainlist|\n'''Court language:'''\n* German<ref name=\"i635\">{{cite web | title=The hierarchy of languages | website=Der Erste Weltkrieg | date=6 June 2014 | url=https://ww1.habsburger.net/en/chapters/hierarchy-languages | access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref>\n'''Cisleithania:'''\n* none (mostly ''language of the land'': German)<ref name=\"y791\">{{cite web | title=Avstrija, Rakousko, Ausztria, Аустрија, ... The question of the language of the state | website=Der Erste Weltkrieg | date=7 June 2014 | url=https://ww1.habsburger.net/en/chapters/avstrija-rakousko-ausztria-austrija-question-language-state | access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref>\n'''Transleithania:'''\n* Hungarian<ref>Fisher, Gilman. ''The Essentials of Geography for School Year 1888–1889'', p. 47 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506130310/https://books.google.com/books?id=TLkUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47 |date=6 May 2023}}. New England Publishing Company (Boston), 1888. Retrieved 20 August 2014.</ref>\n* Croatian (Croatia-Slavonia)\n* Italian (Fiume)}}"},"common_languages":{"wt":"German, Hungarian, Croatian, Czech, Polish, Ruthenian, Romanian, Bosnian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Italian, Romani (Carpathian), Yiddish,{{Refn|From the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (1878),<ref name=\"britannica9th\">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Austria-Races |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://digital.nls.uk/encyclopaedia-britannica/archive/193638943 |access-date=25 March 2022 |edition=9th |volume=III |page=118 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305221604/https://digital.nls.uk/encyclopaedia-britannica/archive/193638943 |archive-date=5 March 2023}}</ref> although ''this'' \"Romani\" refers to the language of those described by the ''EB'' as \"Gypsies\"; the ''EB''{{'}}s \"Rumäni or Wallachian\" refers to what is today known as Romanian; Rusyn and Ukrainian correspond to dialects of what the ''EB'' refers to as \"Ruthenian\"; and Yiddish was the common language of the Austrian Jews, although Hebrew was also known by many.}} and others (Friulian, Istro-Romanian, Istriot, Ladin)"},"religion":{"wt":"{{Ubl|76.6% Catholic{{Efn|Including 64–66% Latin and 10–12% Eastern}}| 8.9% Protestant{{Efn|Lutheran, Reformed, Unitarian}}| 8.7% Eastern Orthodox|4.4% Jewish | 1.3% Muslim}}"},"religion_year":{"wt":"1910<ref name=\"Vaterlandskunde 1911\">Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde, 1911, Tabelle 3.</ref>"},"capital":{"wt":"{{Ubl|Vienna{{Efn|Vienna was the seat of the shared ministries and court of the ruling House of Habsburg and His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, making it the capital of Austria-Hungary as a single enitiy. However, the emperor and his court also maintained a regular residency in Bad Ischl, Laxenburg and Baden bei Wien during the final years of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. It was also simultaneously the capital of Cisleithania.\n\nIn addition, Budapest was the capital of Transleithania.}}}}"},"largest_city":{"wt":"capital"},"demonym":{"wt":"Austrian, Hungarian"},"government_type":{"wt":"Two constitutional monarchies (Cisleithania and Transleithania) in real union and customs union (dual monarchy){{Efn|by Pragmatic Sanction of the House of Habsburg}}"},"title_leader":{"wt":"Emperor and King{{Efn|Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty}}<br>of Austria and Hungary"},"leader1":{"wt":"Franz Joseph I"},"year_leader1":{"wt":"1867–1916"},"leader2":{"wt":"Charles I and IV"},"year_leader2":{"wt":"1916–1918"},"title_representative":{"wt":"Minister-President of Austria"},"representative1":{"wt":"F. F. von Beust"},"year_representative1":{"wt":"1867 (first)"},"representative2":{"wt":"Heinrich Lammasch"},"year_representative2":{"wt":"1918 (last)"},"title_deputy":{"wt":"Prime Minister of Hungary"},"deputy1":{"wt":"Gyula Andrássy"},"year_deputy1":{"wt":"1867–1871 (first)"},"deputy2":{"wt":"Mihály Károlyi"},"year_deputy2":{"wt":"1918 (last)"},"legislature":{"wt":"{{nowrap|Two national legislatures}}"},"type_house1":{"wt":"Imperial Council"},"house1":{"wt":"{{Ubl|style=margin-bottom: 0.5em|House of Lords|House of Deputies}}"},"type_house2":{"wt":"Diet of Hungary"},"house2":{"wt":"{{Ubl|House of Magnates|House of Representatives}}"},"stat_year1":{"wt":"1905"},"stat_area1":{"wt":"{{Cvt|239977|mi2|km2|0|disp=number}}"},"ref_area1":{"wt":"<ref name=\"ah1911\">{{Cite EB1911|last=Headlam|first=James Wycliffe|wstitle=Austria-Hungary|volume=3|pages=2–39}}</ref>"},"population_estimate":{"wt":"51,390,223<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://alex.onb.ac.at/static_tables/ost.htm |title=Österreichische Statistik, Neue Folge |publisher=Österreichische Nationalbibliothek |language=de |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601190358/https://alex.onb.ac.at/static_tables/ost.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/NEDA_1910_01/?pg=16&layout=s |title=1910. ÉVI NÉPSZÁMLÁLÁS 1. A népesség főbb adatai községek és népesebb puszták, telepek szerint (1912) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana |date=1912 |publisher=Hungarian Central Statistical Office |page=17 |language=hu |archive-date=23 December 2023 |access-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223191654/https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/NEDA_1910_01/?pg=16&layout=s |url-status=live }}</ref>"},"population_estimate_year":{"wt":"1910"},"currency":{"wt":"{{Plainlist|\n* Gulden{{\\}}florin {{Nwr|(1867–1892)}}\n* Krone {{Nwr|(1892–1918)}}}}"},"iso3166code":{"wt":"omit\n\n"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwCw">

Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire and officially as the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, was a multi-national empire in Central Europe under a constitutional dual monarchy that existed between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic real union, it consisted of two largely self governing states with a single monarch who was titled both the Emperor of Austria and the Apostolic King of Hungary. Austria-Hungary constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg monarchy: it was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War, following wars of independence by Hungary (primarily Rákóczi's War of Independence of 1703–1711 and the Hungarian Revolution of 1848–1849) in opposition to Habsburg rule. It was dissolved shortly after Hungary terminated the union with Austria in 1918 at the end of World War I.

Austria-Hungary was one of Europe's major powers, and was the second-largest country in Europe in area (after Russia) and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire), while being among the 10 most populous countries worldwide. The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine-building industry in the world. With the exception of the territory of the Bosnian Condominium, the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary were separate sovereign countries in international law.

At its core was the dual monarchy, which was a real union between Cisleithania, the northern and western parts of the former Austrian Empire, and Transleithania, which corresponded to the medieval territories of the Kingdom of Hungary. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power. The two countries conducted unified diplomatic, defence and monetary policies. For these purposes, "common" ministries of foreign affairs and defence were maintained under the monarch's direct authority, as was a third finance ministry responsible only for financing the two "common" portfolios as well as the Austro-Hungarian Bank. A third component of the union was the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, an autonomous region under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement in 1868. After 1878, Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian joint military and civilian rule until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the Bosnian crisis.

Austria-Hungary was one of the Central Powers in World War I, which began with an Austro-Hungarian war declaration on the Kingdom of Serbia on 28 July 1914. It was already effectively dissolved by the time the military authorities signed the armistice of Villa Giusti on 3 November 1918. The Kingdom of Hungary and the First Austrian Republic were treated as its successors de jure, whereas the independence of the First Czechoslovak Republic, the Second Polish Republic, and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, respectively, and most of the territorial demands of the Kingdom of Romania and the Kingdom of Italy were also recognized by the victorious powers in 1920.

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WikipediaExtracts:Austria-Hungary

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