WikipediaExtracts:Gamal Abdel Nasser
Extracted from Wikipedia --
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(1958)\n| Akram al-Hawrani<br />(1958–1960)\n| Abdel Latif Boghdadi<br />(1958–1964)\n| Abdel Hakim Amer<br />(1958–1965)\n| Nureddin Kuhala<br />(1960–1961)\n| Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj<br />(1961)\n| Kamal el-Din Hussein<br />(1961–1964)\n| Zakaria Mohieddin<br />(1961–1964, 1965–1968)\n| Hussein el-Shafei<br />(1961–1965, 1968–1970)\n| Anwar Sadat<br />(1964, 1969–1970)\n| Hassan Ibrahim<br />(1964–1966)\n| Ali Sabri<br />(1965–1968)\n}}"},"term_start":{"wt":"14 November 1954{{efn|Acting: 14 November 1954 – 23 June 1956}}"},"term_end":{"wt":"28 September 1970"},"predecessor":{"wt":"Mohamed Naguib"},"successor":{"wt":"Anwar Sadat"},"order2":{"wt":"31st"},"office2":{"wt":"Prime Minister of Egypt"},"president2":{"wt":"''Himself''"},"term_start2":{"wt":"19 June 1967"},"term_end2":{"wt":"28 September 1970"},"predecessor2":{"wt":"Mohamed Sedki Sulayman"},"successor2":{"wt":"Mahmoud Fawzi"},"president3":{"wt":"{{ubl|Mohamed Naguib|''Himself''}}"},"term_start3":{"wt":"18 April 1954"},"term_end3":{"wt":"29 September 1962"},"predecessor3":{"wt":"Mohamed Naguib"},"successor3":{"wt":"Ali Sabri"},"president4":{"wt":"Mohamed Naguib"},"term_start4":{"wt":"25 February 1954"},"term_end4":{"wt":"8 March 1954"},"predecessor4":{"wt":"Mohamed Naguib"},"successor4":{"wt":"Mohamed Naguib\n{{Collapsed infobox section begin\n | last = yes\n | Other offices\n | titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}\n{{Infobox officeholder\n| embed = yes\n| office5 = Deputy Prime Minister of Egypt\n| prime_minister5 = Mohamed Naguib\n| term_start5 = 8 March 1954\n| term_end5 = 18 April 1954\n| predecessor5 = Gamal Salem\n| successor5 = Gamal Salem\n| prime_minister6 = Mohamed Naguib\n| term_start6 = 18 June 1953\n| term_end6 = 25 February 1954\n| predecessor6 = Sulayman Hafez\n| successor6 = Gamal Salem\n| office7 = Minister of the Interior\n| prime_minister7 = Mohamed Naguib\n| term_start7 = 18 June 1953\n| term_end7 = 25 February 1954\n| predecessor7 = Sulayman Hafez\n| successor7 = Zakaria Mohieddin\n| office8 = Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council\n| term_start8 = 14 November 1954\n| term_end8 = 23 June 1956\n| predecessor8 = Mohamed Naguib\n| successor8 = ''Himself'' (as President)\n| office9 = 2nd Secretary-General of the {{nowrap|Non-Aligned Movement}}\n| term_start9 = 5 October 1964\n| term_end9 = 8 September 1970\n| predecessor9 = Josip Broz Tito\n| successor9 = Kenneth Kaunda\n| office10 = Chairman of the {{nowrap|Organisation of African Unity}}\n| term_start10 = 17 July 1964\n| term_end10 = 21 October 1965\n| predecessor10 = Haile Selassie\n| successor10 = Kwame Nkrumah\n{{Collapsed infobox section end}}\n}}"},"birth_date":{"wt":"{{birth date|1918|1|15|df=y}}"},"birth_place":{"wt":"Alexandria, Sultanate of Egypt"},"death_date":{"wt":"{{death date and age|1970|09|28|1918|01|15|df=y}}"},"death_place":{"wt":"Cairo, United Arab Republic"},"resting_place":{"wt":"Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque"},"spouse":{"wt":"{{marriage |Tahia Kazem|1944}}"},"children":{"wt":"5, including Khalid, Abdel Hakim, and Hoda"},"father":{"wt":"Abdel Nasser Hussein"},"relatives":{"wt":"Al-Leithi Abdel Nasser (brother)<br/>Tarek Abdel Nasser]\n (brother)<br/>Aida Abdel Nasser (sister)"},"party":{"wt":"Arab Socialist Union"},"other_party":{"wt":"National Union<br>Liberation Rally<br>Young Egypt Party"},"profession":{"wt":"{{hlist|Military officer|<!-- , and later --> politician}}"},"allegiance":{"wt":"{{ubl|Kingdom of Egypt|Republic of Egypt|United Arab Republic}}"},"branch":{"wt":"Egyptian Armed Forces"},"service_years":{"wt":"1938–1952"},"rank":{"wt":"Lieutenant colonel"},"battles":{"wt":"1948 Arab–Israeli War"},"signature":{"wt":"Nasser signature.svg"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwEA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1374427404" about="#mwt46" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Hlist/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""}}'/><link 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Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and revolutionary who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 assassination attempt by a Muslim Brotherhood member, he cracked down on the organization, put President Mohamed Naguib under house arrest and assumed executive office. He was formally elected president in June 1956.
Nasser's popularity in Egypt and the Arab world skyrocketed after his nationalization of the Suez Canal and his political victory in the subsequent Suez Crisis, known in Egypt as the Tripartite Aggression. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria from 1958 to 1961. In 1962, Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries, but he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War, and eventually the much larger Arab Cold War. He began his third presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the Six-Day War of 1967, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself prime minister, launched the War of Attrition to regain the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula, begun a process of depoliticizing the military, and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in Cairo drew five to six million mourners, and prompted an outpouring of grief across the Arab world.
Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, his modernization policies, and his anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and the launching of large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam, and Helwan city. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his human rights violations, his anti-Zionism, and the dominance of the military over civil institutions that characterised his tenure, establishing a pattern of military and dictatorial rule in Egypt which has persisted, nearly uninterrupted, to the present day.
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