WikipediaExtracts:Saddam Hussein

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Command]] of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party"},"term_start4":{"wt":"January 1992"},"term_end4":{"wt":"30 December 2006"},"predecessor4":{"wt":"Michel Aflaq"},"successor4":{"wt":"Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri"},"office5":{"wt":"Regional Secretary of the Regional<br />Command of the Iraqi Regional Branch"},"1blankname5":{"wt":"National Secretary"},"1namedata5":{"wt":"{{ubl|Michel Aflaq (until 1989)|''Himself'' (from 1989)}}"},"term_start5":{"wt":"16 July 1979"},"term_end5":{"wt":"30 December 2006"},"predecessor5":{"wt":"Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr"},"successor5":{"wt":"Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri"},"term_start6":{"wt":"February 1964"},"term_end6":{"wt":"October 1966"},"successor6":{"wt":"Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr"},"predecessor6":{"wt":"Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr"},"office7":{"wt":"Vice President of Iraq"},"term_start7":{"wt":"17 July 1968"},"term_end7":{"wt":"15 July 1979"},"president7":{"wt":"Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr"},"predecessor7":{"wt":"Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr"},"successor7":{"wt":"Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri"},"office8":{"wt":"Member of the Regional Command<br />of the Iraqi Regional Branch"},"term_start8":{"wt":"February 1964"},"term_end8":{"wt":"9 April 2003"},"birth_name":{"wt":"Saddam Husayn Abd al-Majid al-Tikritiyy"},"birth_date":{"wt":"{{Birth date|1937|4|28|df=y}}{{efn|Under his government, this date was his official date of birth. His real date of birth was never recorded, but it is believed to be between 1935 and 1939.<ref>Con Coughlin, ''Saddam: The Secret Life'' Pan Books, 2003 ({{ISBN|978-0-330-39310-2}}).</ref>|name=Birth_date_unclear}}"},"birth_place":{"wt":"Al-Awja, Iraq"},"death_date":{"wt":"{{Death date and age|2006|12|30|1937|4|28|df=y}}"},"death_place":{"wt":"Baghdad, Iraq"},"party":{"wt":"{{plainlist|\n* Ba'ath Party (1957–1966)\n* Iraqi Ba'ath Party (1966–2006)\n }}"},"spouse":{"wt":"{{plainlist|\n* {{marriage|Sajida Talfah|1958}}\n* {{marriage|Samira Shahbandar|1986}}\n }}"},"children":{"wt":"{{hlist|Uday|Qusay|Raghad|Rana|Hala|Ali}}"},"signature":{"wt":"Signature of Saddam Hussein.svg"},"nickname":{"wt":"Abu Uday"},"allegiance":{"wt":"Ba'athist Iraq"},"branch":{"wt":"Iraqi Armed Forces"},"rank":{"wt":"Field Marshal"},"battles":{"wt":"{{tree list}}\n*Second Iraqi–Kurdish War\n*Iran–Iraq War\n*Gulf War\n*1991 Iraqi uprisings\n*Iraq War{{pow}}{{executed|Execution of Saddam Hussein}}\n**2003 invasion of Iraq\n{{tree list/end}}"},"resting_place":{"wt":"Al-Awja, Iraq"},"native_name_lang":{"wt":"ar"},"module":{"wt":"{{Infobox criminal\n| child = yes\n| convictions = Crimes against humanity during the Dujail massacre\n| trial = Trial of Saddam Hussein\n| reward_amount = $25 million<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2011 |title=Do rewards help capture the world's most wanted men? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-14666182 |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=20 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220084345/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-14666182 |url-status=live }}</ref>\n| penalty = Death by hanging\n| criminal_status = Executed by hanging\n| wanted_by = Federal government of the United States\n| apprehended = 13 December 2003\n| imprisoned = Camp Cropper\n| module2 = \n}}"},"image_size":{"wt":""},"education":{"wt":"Cairo University<br>University of Baghdad"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwEA"><link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Articles_with_hCards"/>

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 until his overthrow in 2003. He also served as prime minister of Iraq from 1979 to 1991 and later from 1994 to 2003. He was a leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization, the Iraqi Ba'ath Party, which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism.

Saddam was born in the village of Al-Awja, near Tikrit in northern Iraq, to a peasant Sunni Arab family. He joined the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in 1957, and the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization, the Iraqi Ba'ath Party. He played a key role in the 17 July Revolution and was appointed vice president by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. During his time as vice president, Saddam nationalised the Iraq Petroleum Company, diversifying the Iraqi economy. He presided over the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–1975). Following al-Bakr's resignation in 1979, Saddam formally took power, although he had already been the de facto head of Iraq for several years. Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs, a minority that made up only a fifth of the population.

Upon taking office, Saddam instituted the Ba'ath Party Purge. Saddam ordered the 1980 invasion of Iran in a purported effort to capture Iran's Arab-majority Khuzistan province and thwart Iranian attempts to export their own 1979 revolution. The Iran–Iraq War ended after nearly eight years in a ceasefire after a gruelling stalemate that took somewhere around a total of a million lives and economic losses of $561 billion in Iraq. Later, Saddam accused its ally Kuwait of slant-drilling Iraqi oil fields and occupied Kuwait, initiating the Gulf War (1990–1991). Iraq was defeated by a multinational coalition led by the United States. The United Nations subsequently placed sanctions against Iraq. He suppressed the 1991 Iraqi uprisings of the Kurds and Shia Muslims, which sought to gain independence or overthrow the government. Saddam adopted an anti-American stance and established the Faith Campaign, pursuing an Islamist agenda in Iraq. Saddam's rule was marked by numerous human rights abuses, including an estimated 250,000 arbitrary deaths and disappearances.

In 2003, the United States and its allies invaded Iraq, falsely accusing Saddam of developing weapons of mass destruction and of having ties with al-Qaeda. The Ba'ath Party was banned and Saddam went into hiding. After his capture on 13 December 2003, his trial took place under the Iraqi Interim Government. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted by the Iraqi High Tribunal of crimes against humanity related to the 1982 killing of 148 Iraqi Shi'a and sentenced to death by hanging. He was executed on 30 December 2006.

Saddam has been accused of running a repressive authoritarian government, which several analysts have described as totalitarian, although the applicability of that label has been contested.

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WikipediaExtracts:Saddam Hussein

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